Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a paradox for plants. ROS can be deleterious to cellular functions yet also are important signaling molecules. They are an unavoidable consequence of life in an oxygen-rich environment, and plants have devised numerous ways to deal with them, including changes in gene expression upon exposure. An article in the June 2006 Focus Issue on ROS, ‘‘Transcriptomic foo...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a paradox for plants. ROS can be deleterious to cellular functions yet also are important signaling molecules. They are an unavoidable consequence of life in an oxygen-rich environment, and plants have devised numerous ways to deal with them, including changes in gene expression upon exposure. An article in the June 2006 Focus Issue on ROS, ‘‘Transcriptomic foo...

INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease.1 It is characterized by initial hyperfiltration, albuminuria, thickening of the basement-membranes, expansion of the mesangial matrix, and subsequent loss of kidney function.2 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Reactive...

An imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reaction antioxidant proteins is referred to as oxidative stress [...]

Oxygen is an essential element to conduct life processes but some of the metabolic byproducts e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS), are toxic for living organisms. Endogenous ROS are produced e.g. reduction of dioxygen; some exogenous sources of radicals also exist, including nicotine and ionizing radiation. Reactive oxygen species include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hydro...

neuroserpin, a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, is known to be a neuroprotective factor in the focal ischemic stroke followed by reducing the microglial activation. neuroserpin is a protein rich of methionine residues that can scavenge the free radical species which may increase its neuroprotective effect. on the other hand, the oxidative modifications of the amin...

objective(s) neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal/lcn2), comprise a group of small extracellular proteins with a common p-sheet-dominated 3-dimensional structure. in the past, it was assumed that the predominant role of lipocalin was acting as transport proteins. recently it has been found that oxidative stress induces lcn2 expression. it has been also proved that electromagnetic fi...