This paper begins from the understanding that women's empowerment is about the process by which those who have been denied the ability to make strategic life choices acquire such an ability. Awide gap separates this processual understanding of empowerment from the more instrumentalist forms of advocacy which have required the measurement and quanti®cation of empowerment. The ability to exercise...

Tinnitus research has acquired steady interest in the last six decades. A survey of PubMed under “tinnitus” listed a total of 7489 entries by May 6, 2011, covering clinical notes, management, and basic research. Figure 1.1 shows the number of annual entries. Before 1950, only 67 papers were listed, 2 of which dated back from 1880 (Hemming, 1880 ; Sexton, 1880 ) . Since 1950, the number of tinni...

An aptitude for the detection of bilateral symmetry is a fairly prominent aspect of the human visual system. Knowledge of the reasons behind this facility is not so well established, however. Some of the behavioral data indicates that processing of symmetric and non-symmetric stimuli is undertaken in two wholly di erent manners (i.e. serial versus parallel). However, the interpretation of this ...

I am very pleased to address the MICRO conference on the occasion of its 30th anniversary, and to speak to you about the IBM System 360 (S/360) Model 91, which also celebrates the 30th anniversary of its rst shipment. I will describe rst the background to the project, then the machine itself; in the second half of my talk I will share some re ections on the changes in computer engineering over ...

This paper gives new methods for calculating the time-domain response for a nite-length distributed RC line. We begin with the solution for di usion in a semi-in nite distributed RC line [4, 12] and apply the method of images (re ections) to obtain the voltage response for a nite-length RC line. Second, we describe a general approach for calculating the time-domain response for nite RC lines wi...

We prove that for any nite set of generalized valence bond solid (GVBS) states of a quantum spin chain there exists a translation invariant nite-range Hamiltonian for which this set is the set of ground states. This result implies that there are GVBS models with arbitrary broken discrete symmetries that are described as combinations of lattice translations, lattice re ections, and local unitary...

This paper describes the voice source localization algorithm used in the PictureTel automatic camera pointing system (LimeLight , Dynamic Speech Locating Technology). The system uses an array of 46cm wide and 30cm high, which contains 4 microphones, and is mounted on top of the monitor. The three dimensional position of a sound source is calculated from the time delays of 4 pairs of microphones...

Abstract: We relate a particular version of a parallel multigrid method analyzed by C. Douglas, W. L. Miranker, and B. F. Smith ([4, 6]) to the domain decomposition method of D. Funaro, L. D. Marini, A. Quarteroni, and P. Zanolli ([7, 8]). We show that the parallel multigrid method is reducing computation to a small portion of the domain and then extending the solution to the entire domain usin...

Atomic quantum point contacts accommodate a small number of conduction channels. Their number N and transmission coe$cients M1 n N can be determined by analyzing the subgap structure due to multiple Andreev re#ections in the current}voltage (I}<) characteristics in the superconducting state. With the help of mechanically controllable break-junctions we have produced Al contacts consisting of a ...

A coordinated use of hardware-provided bitplanes and rendering pipelines can create ray-trace quality illumination eeects in real-time. We provide recursive re-ections through the use of secondary viewpoints, and present a method for using a homogeneous 2-D projec-tive image mapping to extend this method for refractive surfaces. We extend the traditional use of shadow volumes to provide reeecte...