Efficiency of reinforced concrete (RC) design can be measured by finding the design with minimum cost within all possible ones that satisfied security conditions. This task is difficult because RC members consisting of two materials; concrete and steel bars with different material properties i.e., compressive and tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and unit material costs. Thus, an additional...

The seismic response of acceleration-sensitive non-structural components in buildings has attracted the attention a significant number researchers over past decade. This paper provides results which improve state-of-knowledge influences that higher vibration modes structures and nonlinearity have on floor acceleration demands. In order to study these influences, response-history analysis code-d...