background: in diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. materials and methods: a total of 2382 patients were studied t...

I Morgan AH, Hilgard JR. Stanford hypnotic clinical scale. In: Hilgard ER, Hilgard JR, eds. Hypnosis in the reliefofpain. Los Altos, California: Kauffmann, 1975: appendix A. 2 Davidson JA. An assessment of the value of hypnosis in pregnancy and labour. Br Med J 1962;ii:951-2. 3 Charles AG, Norr KL, Block CR, Meyering G, Meyers E. Obstetric and psychological effect of psycho-prophylactic prepara...

Background: Evidence suggests that children are more susceptible to radiation risks or hazards. In particular, their gonads are more sensitive to the effects of radiation, especially at or below reproductive age. Protecting the gonads of children and adults is of particular importance to the imaging. Aim: To investigate level of the use of gonad protection during paediatric abdomen and pelvic X...

Background. Medical applications of ionizing radiation are by far the largest man-made source of radiation exposure for the population in most developed countries. A good practice in diagnostic radiology should produce an image containing all necessary information needed for accurate diagnosis and should result in the minimum dose to the patient. After introduction of diagnostic reference level...

Many nuclear weapons complex workers were required to undergo medical x-ray examinations as a condition of their employment. To ensure that their dose reconstructions are complete, it is necessary to include the contributions from these examinations. X-ray procedures that must be evaluated include: (1) posterior-anterior and lateral radiography, and/or photofluorography, of the chest; (2) anter...

The aim of current study was to evaluate patient's radiation dose in routine X-ray examinations in Omdurman teaching hospital Sudan.110 patients was examined (134) radiographs in two X-ray rooms. Entrance surface doses (ESDs) were calculated from patient exposure parameters using DosCal software. The mean ESD for the chest, AP abdomen, AP pelvis, thoracic spine AP, lateral lumber spine , antero...

The organ doses and the effective dose of patients exposed at an X-ray beam, having photon energies between 10–150 keV, are analyzed by using a new method named IradMed. Three major radiological procedures, mammography, radiography and Computer Tomography are considered. The Rayleigh scattering, the Compton scattering and the photoelectric effect were taken into account for patient dose calcula...

background: there is not any report on the radiation doses received by patients in diagnostic radiology sections in hospitals under control of chaharmahal and bakhtiari medical sciences university, in the south west of iran. objectives: the aim of this study is measurement of entrance surface doses (esd) for the most routine types of x-ray procedures in radiology centers as part of ongoing dose...

BACKGROUND During the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid proliferation of "health examination center (HEC)" across China. The effects of their services on public's health have not been systemically investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of periodic health examination (PHE) at HEC on surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in Beijing residents. METHODS We identified 224 patien...

Background: People occasionally undergo medical diagnostic X-ray examinations and expose their red blood cells to radiation. Radiation that is generated from medical diagnostic X-ray machines is widely used in medical diagnoses. One of the important parameters is kilo-voltage (kV) that is applied across the X-ray tube in medical diagnostic X-ray machines. Kilo-voltage influences the radiation d...