Coronary arteries are the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles. Coronary artery calcium (CAC), which is the total amount of calcium deposited in these arteries, indicates the presence or the future risk of coronary artery diseases. Quantification of CAC is done by using computed tomography (CT) scan which uses attenuation of xray by different tissues in the body to gen...

SUMMARY Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are common injuries, but previous studies have documented poor inter-observer reliability in fracture classification. This disparity has been attributed to multiple variables including poor imaging studies and inadequate surgeon experience. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether inter-observer agreement can be improved with the application of m...

The mainstay of diagnosis of congenital pyloric atresia is by plain X-ray of the abdomen showing a large gas bubble with no gas distally. But very rarely it can be associated with distal duodenal atresia when the baby may present as lump abdomen. In such a situation apart from the X-ray, another radiological investigation is needed to delineate the exact nature of the lump. Since the role of ul...

Background and aims. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging system which has many advantages over computed tomography (CT). In CT scan, Hounsfield Unit (HU) is proportional to the degree of x-ray attenuation by the tissue. In CBCT, the degree of x-ray attenuation is shown by gray scale (voxel value). The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gray scale...

Radiologic Procedure Rating Comments RRL* Rule Out Bone Metastases Tc-99m bone scan whole body 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ X-ray radiographic survey whole body 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ FDG-PET/CT whole body 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ ☢ Rule Out Thoracic Metastases X-ray chest 2 ☢ CT chest without contrast 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ CT chest with contrast 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ CT chest without and with contrast 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ X-ray tomography chest 2 ☢ ☢ FDG-PET/CT whole body 2 ☢ ☢ ☢ ☢ Rul...

Chest X-ray is a usual tool for family physicians; however, unexpected findings in chest X-ray are a frequent challenge. We present a rare case of pulmonary hilar nodule misdiagnosis in a chest X-ray. An 84-year-old woman was sent with a diagnosis of a right pulmonary hilum nodule. She had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; so in a chest X-ray, her family physician discovered a...

Casting is an economical way to manufacture parts. On average, complex aerospace castings incur about one-fourth the cost of forgings. However, castings can not be used as primary structure in aircraft because of poor control over design allowables for the material strength and ductility. They can be used as secondary structure, but must include significant safety factors usually between 3 and ...

Industrial CT (computerized tomography) uses a series of 2-dimensional images taken at specific intervals around the entire sample. Basically any type of industrial CT system uses three principal components: an X-ray tube, an X-ray detector, and a rotational stage. Everything is enclosed within a radiation shielding steel/lead/steel cabinet that typically ranges between four and 10 feet cubed. ...