The activity of the N-terminal activation function AF-1 of RAR alpha1 is abrogated upon mutation of a phosphorylatable serine residue (Ser-77). Recombinant RAR alpha was phosphorylated by a variety of proline-directed protein kinases in vitro. However, only the coexpression of cdk7 stimulated Ser-77 phosphorylation in vivo and enhanced transactivation by RAR alpha, but not by a S77A RAR mutant....

The current study investigates the hypothesis that retinoids have a role in embryonic testis development. The action of retinoids on testis development and the expression of retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, RAR beta, RAR gamma) were examined. In embryonic day 13 (E13; plug date = E0) testis organ cultures an RAR-selective agonist and all-trans retinoic acid completely inhibited seminiferous ...

Promyelocytic leukemia protein PML acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas its chimeric mutant promyelocytic leukemia/ retinoic acid receptor (PML/RAR ) causes acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Because PML has been shown to form transcription-regulatory complexes with various molecules, we speculated that PML and/or PML/RAR might affect signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) a...

Functional retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) have been described wherein the direct repeats are separated by 1, 2 or 5 bp (termed DR1, DR2 and DR5 respectively). We have previously shown that retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) binds a DR1 RARE within the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter and is the trans-acting complex that mediates the retinoic aci...

Expression of the PML-retinoic acid receptor (PML-RAR ) fusion protein is the initiating genetic event for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease initiation are not yet clear. Several observations have suggested that early myeloid cells are uniquely susceptible to transformation by PML-RAR . Recently, we have shown that the early myeloid-specifi...

The expression of the newly described human retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) in six nonlymphoid and six lymphoid leukemia cell lines and nine freshly obtained samples of leukemia cells from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia was assessed by Northern blot analysis, using a full length cDNA clone of RAR alpha as probe. RAR alpha was expressed in all 12 cell lines and in all fresh le...

OBJECTIVE To explore the retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and its prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS SP assay was used to detect the RAR-β expression in 100 cases of surgically resected LSCC tissues and 20 cases of peritumoral normal lung tissues, and prognosis follow-up was conducted. RESULTS The overall positive expression rate of RAR...

The paper addresses a problem of tracking multiple number of frequencies using Regularized Autoregressive (RAR) approximation. The RAR procedure allows to decrease approximation bias, comparing to other AR-based frequency detection methods, while still providing competitive variance of sample estimates. We show that the RAR estimates of multiple periodicities are consistent in probability and i...

Using an in vitro lung carcinogenesis model consisting of normal, premalignant, and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, we analyzed the growth inhibitory effects of 26 novel synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)- and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective retinoids. RAR-selective retinoids such as CD271, CD437, CD2325, and SR11364 showed potent activity in inhibiting the growth of e...