A Digits Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) test and a Colors and Shapes Rapid Alternating Stimulus (RAS) test were administered to 904 Portuguese, normally achieving children (ages 7 to 15), in order to examine these tests scores developmental course. The results showed that the two tests have slightly different developmental trajectories. In addition, the two tests associations with a large numbe...

Abstract Background Millions of children around the whole world are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is considered as one most common mental disorders and often persists into adulthood. There almost a weak point in rapid naming abilities ADHD comparison to without ADHD. This was cross-sectional study that applied on 30 patients an age ranging from 8 11 years ...

In this study, we aimed to determine the validity of double-deficit hypothesis, which argues that reading difficulties arise due inadequacies in phonological awareness and rapid naming, relation a transparent language such as Turkish. Accordingly, children attending kindergarten were assigned four groups: group (n = 23), deficit 35), naming 29) or control 48) according scores they received on m...

This paper proposes the hierarchical naming scheme, which is a way of naming and addressing suitable for large-scale distributed systems. FIrst, assumptions of the systems are provided, and features required for naming in the systems are discussed. Then, the methods for giving location-independent IDs and addresses representing objects' location are proposed. Our scheme constructs global IDs an...

This study focuses on the stability of dyslexia status from Grade 2 to Grade 8 in four groups: (a) no dyslexia in either grade (no-dyslexia, n = 127); (b) no dyslexia in Grade 2 but dyslexia in Grade 8 (late-emerging, n = 18); (c) dyslexia in Grade 2 but not in Grade 8 (resolving, n = 15); and (d) dyslexia in both grades (persistent-dyslexia, n = 22). We examined group differences from age 3.5 ...