T hirty years ago, our paper entitled “The High Cost of Regulating U.S. Railroads” (Regulation, January/ February 1981) appeared in this journal. At the time, the Staggers Act had just been signed into law. Our paper provided an analysis of the U.S. railroad industry’s performance for the generation immediately preceding the legislation. We focused on the cost of pre-Staggers regulation and dre...

This article analyzes the impact of improvements in market access on the regional concentration of industry in Germany during the second half of the 19th century. The expansion of market access can promote the dispersion of industry if cheaper land and labor provide incentives for industry location outside of existing manufacturing centers. On the other hand, better market access can increase t...

Intermodal transportation has experienced a phenomenal growth over the past two decades, and continues to be one of the rapidly growing segments of the transportation industry. This has been attributed to the competitive pressures on global supply chains, the increasing demand for new service patterns driven by ocean carriers as well as the globalization of industry (Szyliowicz, 2003; Stone, 19...