T H E AMENDMENTS to the Railroad Ret irement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts, approved on July 31, 1 not only give railroad workers the most comprehensive system of social insurance i n the United States, i n terms of risks covered, but provide the first major, i f par t ia l , extension of the coverage of old-age and survivors insurance since the Social Security Act Amendments of 1939...

In this paper we will describe our experiences with modelling and simulating realistic railroad systems, based on component-oriented Petri Nets. Several libraries of railroad components are presented, including nets permitting the train to control the routers in the net. Petri Nets are translated into Maude in an automated way, and executed by the Maude interpreter. Since railroad models are la...

Abstract Ballast fouling in railroad substructure is detrimental to railroad track effectiveness and its structural capacity. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) provides a rapid, effective and continuous approach to assess railroad substructure condition. However, unknown ballast dielectric constant and unclear interface between clean and fouled ballast limit the GPR assessment accuracy. In this st...

BACKGROUND An association between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer mortality in a large retrospective cohort study of US railroad workers has previously been reported. However, specific information regarding cigarette smoking was unavailable. METHODS Birth cohort, age, job, and cause of death specific smoking histories from a companion case-control study were used to impute smoking beh...

During 2000-2001, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Ocean Modeling and Prediction Division of the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), constructed tidal gages at the East Pearl River at CSX Railroad near Claiborne, Mississippi, at the Rigolets at CSX Railroad near Rigolets, Louisiana, and at the Chef Menteur Pass at CSX Railroad at Chef Menteur, Louisiana, to co...

A field survey was begun in 1986 to determine the status of prairie vegetation on railroad rights-of-way in Wisconsin. Two % of 849 sample points located at 1.6 km intervals along railroads were found to contain relatively high quality prairie, and 23 % contained slightly degraded prairie. A significant proportion of these remnants contained mesic prairie, a community type which today is almost...

It is widely known that the railroad diesel locomotive engines emit significant amount of air pollutants. However, these engines are not equipped with any air pollutants reducing devices in Korea, resulting in the accumulative air pollution near the railroad. Because the pollutants emission from driving locomotive engines cannot be measured directly, the emission factors based on the amount of ...

" A T INTERVALS not longer t han 3 years the Board shall make an estimate of the liabilities created by this Act and the Railroad Retirement Act of 1 9 3 5 and shall include such estimate in its annual report ."1 In accordance with this s tatutory mandate , the Railroad Retirement Board has issued the second actuarial valuation, along with its recommendations and a s ta tement of the Actuarial ...

Just as Diemer reveals the importance of one man to Underground Railroad, Alicestyne Turley’s The Gospel Freedom: Black Evangelicals and Railroad (University Press Kentucky) how state, Kentucky, was an integral if overlooked part African Americans’ quest for emancipation in long-nineteenth century. Reviewer Richard Newman believes most important contribution is her contention that religious lea...

The magnetoacoustic measurement technique has been used successfully for residual stress measurements in laboratory samples[1-4]. However, when used to field test samples with complex geometries, such as railroad wheels, the sensitivity of the method declines dramatically[5,6]. It has been suggested that the decrease in performance may be due, in part, to an insufficient or nonuniform magnetic ...