When coupled with transient absorption spectroscopy, pulse radiolysis, which utilizes high-energy electron pulses from an accelerator, is a powerful tool for investigating the kinetics and thermodynamics of a wide range of radiation-induced redox and electron transfer processes. The majority of these investigations detect transient species in the UV, visible, or near-IR spectral regions. Unfort...

Radical cations were generated from different phenyl-substituted aziridines by pulse radiolysis in aqueous solution containing TlOH.+, N3. or SO4.- as oxidants or in n-butyl chloride, by 60Co gamma radiolysis in Freon matrices at 77 K, and in some cases by flash photolysis in aqueous solution. Depending on the substitution pattern of the aziridines, two different types of radical cations are fo...

Compacted and water saturated bentonite will be used as an engineered barrier in deep geological repositories for radioactive waste in many countries. Due to the high dose rate of ionizing radiation outside the canisters holding the nuclear waste, radiolysis of the interlayer and pore water in the compacted bentonite is unavoidable. Upon reaction with the oxidizing and reducing species formed b...

The radiolytic decomposition of the drug diclofenac (DCF), and in limited extent, also two other widely used drugs, ibuprofen and carbamazepine, was examined using liquid chromatography (LC) methods. The efficiency of DCF decomposition was examined in function of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation, and also in the presence of selected scavengers of radicals, which are commonly present in natu...

Superoxide reductase SOR is an enzyme involved in superoxide detoxification in some microorganisms. Its active site consists of a non-heme ferrous center in an unusual [Fe(NHis)(4) (SCys)(1)] square pyramidal pentacoordination that efficiently reduces superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. In previous works, the reaction mechanism of the SOR from Desulfoarculus baarsii enzyme, studied by pulse radi...

Pulse radiolysis with spectrophotometric and conductometric detection was utilized to study the formation and reactions of radicals from benzene and dienes in aqueous solutions. The benzene OH adduct, *C6H6OH, reacts with O2 (k = 3 x 10(8) L mol(-1) s(-1)) in a reversible reaction. The peroxyl radical, HOC6H6O2*, undergoes O2*- elimination, bimolecular decay, and reaction with benzene to initia...

The application of ionizing radiation is especially effective advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the removal of organic pollutants from waters and wastes, based on fast reactions with hydroxyl radicals formed as result of radiolysis of water. The reported investigations were carried out with the use of g irradiation from the 60Co source, while for the effective technological applications the ...

A 2-D model for the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel inside a failed nuclear waste container has been modified to determine the influence of various redox processes occurring within fractures in the fuel. The corrosion process is driven by reaction of the fuel with the dominant α radiolysis product, H2O2. A number of reactions are shown to moderate or suppress the corrosion rate, including H2O2 ...

1. Hydrated electrons produced by pulse radiolysis were used to study the interaction of polyanionic glycosaminoglycans and related compounds with the counterions Methylene Blue and cetylpyridinium chloride. 2. The effect of added salt (potassium chloride) on the interaction indicates that the relative binding affinities, with respect to the types of anionic site present, increases for both cou...

The radical reactions in the liquid phase y-radiolysis of propane have been studied from -130 to 35°C and compared with the gas-phase radiolysis at 35°C. Oxygen was used as a scavenger 10 separate thermal radical yields, and effects· of phase and temperature on the radical yields were assessed. The gas-liquid phase change (a) decreases total decomposition by about 14 %, (b) increMCs disproporti...