The cohort of patients was divided into four groups of thirty patients: • Group A: Patients submitted to the left breast reconstruction with tissue expander and implant after modified radical mastectomy • Group B: Patients submitted to the left breast reconstruction with expander and implant after skin/nipple sparing mastectomy • Group C: Patients submitted to subglandular breast augmentation •...

Aim: To compare mean blood loss between harmonic scalpel and monopolar electrocautry in modified radical mastectomy Methods: This comparative study was conducted from 1 st June 2015 to 31 st December 2015 in the Department of Surgery, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta. A total of 100 females (50 in two groups) between 20-70 years of age with carcinoma breast were included, Thrombocytopenia,...

BACKGROUND Surgery is the treatment of choice for regional control of mammary neoplasms in female dogs. Various surgical techniques may be used, as long as mammary gland anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and known prognostic factors are respected. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical stress-including duration of surgery, nociception and hematological changes-and postoperative complicati...

Surgical treatment of breast cancer has been marked by a constant evolution since the Halsted radical mastectomy described in the late 19th century has become the current standard Madden radical mastectomy, a breast surgery that involves the ablation of tissue with the axillary lymphatic preserving both pectoral muscles. The purpose of this paper was to present the stages that have marked the e...

For the last 2000 years surgery has been the primary treatment for patients with breast cancer. During this period, surgical procedures for breast cancer became more extensive and culminated in the radical mastectomy as described by Halstead. Such extensive surgery was fuelled, and perpetuated, by the widespread acceptance of the Halsteadian concept of tumour biology and tumour spread. As a res...