INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to analyze the risk of depression in patients diagnosed with RA and treated by general practitioners in the UK. METHODS The present study included patients first diagnosed with RA between 2000 and 2014 (index date). Individuals were excluded if they had also been diagnose...

In this article we investigate two-level split-plot designs where the sub-plots consist of only two mirror image trials. Assuming third and higher order interactions negligible, we show that these designs divide the estimated effects into two orthogonal sub-spaces, separating sub-plot main effects and sub-plot by whole-plot interactions from the rest. Further we show how to construct split-plot...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between work and quality of life (QOL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) aged 16-59. METHODS 1056 patients with RA and 658 with AS were included in the study. Data were obtained by postal questionnaire, which included several generic and disease related QOL instruments. Separate dimensions and physical and ment...

Consumer satisfaction is increasingly recognised by hospital administrators and health care providers as an important aspect of health care. A study was undertaken to investigate the satisfaction with care among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic at Leeds General Infirmary. The Leeds satisfaction questionnaire was developed and rigorously tested f...

The synthesis of immunoglobulins by cells infiltrating the labial salivary glands has been studied by radioimmunoelectrophoresis in 20 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and in 14 control patients with related disorders. The patients with SS were producing significantly greater quantities of IgG, IgM, and IgA. Synthesis of IgG and IgM correlated with the degree of lymphoid infiltration but n...

The concept of osteoimmunology is based on growing insight into the links between the immune system and bone at the anatomical, vascular, cellular, and molecular levels. In both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), bone is a target of inflammation. Activated immune cells at sites of inflammation produce a wide spectrum of cytokines in favor of increased bone resorption in ...

A nurse educator has an important role in promoting students' learning and professional development as well offering high quality nursing education. To describe the competence of educators explore its connection with self-evaluated graduating students. cross-sectional survey design was used. total 1796 students Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania Spain participated this study. The dat...

OBJECTIVE We found previously that interferon regulatory factor (Irf)-1 is a germinal vesicle (GV)-selective gene that highly expressed in GV as compared to metaphase II oocytes. To our knowledge, the function of Irf-1 in oocytes has yet to be examined. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and RA-mediated expression of Irf-1 and the mouse oocy...

this study investigated the relative effects of deductive and inductive form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisition of 4 non-generic definite article uses(cultural, situational, structural, and textual) as assessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures. the tests utilized to assess efl learners' acquisition of definite article uses were timed and untimed grammaticality judgment tests....