were seropositive. Because antibodies may be detectable 10 days–3 weeks after experimental infection for the first time (8), the presumed period of infection was between midJanuary and mid-February. At this time, the highest temperatures again rose above 6°C for a few days (Figure 1, panel A). Although the within-herd seroprevalence was >90% in ewes after confirmed or suspected SBV infection in...

Figure A2. QRT-PCR analysis of OR expression for OR families 4, 5, 7, and 9. There was no statistical difference of OR expression between PEA (red bars) and control fish (blue bars) for any of the families tested. Similar results were observed for two different stocks (#1111 (dark shades) and #1106 (light shades)) of imprinted fish. All OR expression data was normalized to expression of β-actin .

To the editor: We wish to offer some cautionary remarks concerning the report by de Graaf et al. [1] about the first human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infection in the Netherlands, acquired in June 2016 (and not in July, as incorrectly mentioned in the title). At first sight, this case, apparently proven by ELISA and confirmed by neutralisation tests (NT), seems extremely convincing, especial...

While many data are available on genes encoding proteins for degradation of hydrocarbons in bacteria, the impact of alkane on transporter protein expression is unclear. Pseudomonas aeruginosa SJTD-1 is a strain that can consume medium- and long-chain n-alkanes. In order to study the proteins involved in n-octadecane uptake, we use iTRAQ and label free comparative proteomics analysis to identify...

BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are capable of differentiating into many cells such as cardiac cells. Different types of inducers are used for cardiac cell differentiation, but this question still remains to be investigated, which one is the best. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of combination of fibrin scaffold and trichostatin A (TSA), for differentiat...

A number of Eucalyptus species exhibit precocious flowering, flowering within a year of germination and often while still exhibiting juvenile foliage. To understand the nature of precocious flowering in Eucalyptus occidentalis, partial homologues of the inflorescence meristem identity gene TERMINAL FLOWER1 and of the floral meristem identity genes LEAFY and APETALA1 (EOTFL1, EOLFY and EOAP1, re...

Because the down-regulation by progesterone of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression could be a useful specific marker to define the state of implant receptivity in endometrium, a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed for quantifying the CFTR mRNA concentration in human endometrial samples. A competitor RNA was constru...

A competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) assay has been developed for the quantification of particular mRNA species in human articular cartilage. Competitor RNA species were synthesized that differed from the amplified target sequence only by the central insertion of an EcoRI restriction site. By using known amounts of synthetic target and competitor RNA, it was shown that competitor RN...

BACKGROUND Quantitative PCR of viral nucleic acids can be useful clinically in diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of antiviral therapy. We wished to develop a chemiluminescence competitive PCR (cPCR) for parvovirus B19. METHODS Parvovirus DNA target sequences and competitor sequences were coamplified and directly labeled. Amplified products were then separately hybridized by specific ...

A quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QCPCR) assay was developed for the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus. PCR primers for the rRNA gene region of P. marinus amplified DNA isolated from P. marinus but not from Perkinsus atlanticus, Crassostrea virginica, or the dinoflagellates Peridinium sp., Gymnodinium sp., or Amphidinium sp. A mutagenic primer was used to create a competitor...