چکیده ندارد.

This paper investigates the effect of redistributive politics on the composition of government expenditure. By applying a dynamic and complete information game, it is shown that‌ the quality of institutions is a key determinant of how much the government revenue is spent on public goods. The main finding of this paper is that in democracies with high quality of institution, less transfer is dem...

Background: Centers for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) play an important role in identifying, treating and preventing infections. Paying attention to equipment and human resources of these centers can increase the effectiveness of these activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of these centers in order to plan and improve the quality of services. Materials and...

Introduction: International collaboration is beneficial for both researchers and institutions and enhances the quality of research output. The present study therefore sought to: 1- investigate the quality of scientific outputs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences produced through international collaboration, and 2- ascertain the most collaborative countries and institutions of the same univ...

چکیده ندارد.

Among the main factors in creating fundamental changes in the economic environment of Iran, we can name the generalization of ownership of economic enterprises, financing through public participation and privatization of public sectors and economic enterprises. In such circumstances, the transparency and good quality of financial information, which is the basis of optimal economic decisions of ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of political regime types, including democracy and dictatorship, on the quality of economic institutions as the main variables in the formation of the economic growth process. The political power is distributed among a wide range of interest groups in mature democracies, while it is concentrated in the hands of the elected executive in init...