Whole cells, morphological components, and various extracts of Candida albicans were tested for toxicity by methods involving biological activities ordinarily used to characterize bacterial endotoxin. Fungal preparations exerted several of these activities, but only at much higher dose levels than those required for bacterial products. Both fungal cell walls and intact cells were pyrogenic in r...

Abstract Aerosols supply bioaccessible iron to marine biota which could affect climate through biogeochemical feedbacks. This paper review progresses in research on pyrogenic aerosol iron. Observations and laboratory experiments indicate that the solubility of can be considerably higher than lithogenic aerosol. Aerosol models highlight a significant contribution aerosols (~20%) atmospheric diss...

Charcoal is the result of natural and anthropogenic burning events, when biomass is exposed to elevated temperatures under conditions of restricted oxygen. This process produces a range of materials, collectively known as pyrogenic carbon, the most inert fraction of which is known as black carbon (BC). BC degrades extremely slowly and is resistant to diagenetic alteration involving the addition...

This review explores the long-term role of climate versus human activity on vegetation and fire dynamics in the eastern U.S. Early Holocene warming resulted in a conversion of Picea (boreal) to temperate Quercus and Pinus forests when indigenous populations were sparse but charcoal abundances were relatively high, underscoring the importance of climate. Pyrogenic trees also dominated during the...

Tolerance to the pyrogenic action of intravenously injected virus has been studied in rabbits given either PR8 strain of influenza A virus or Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The following findings suggest that the capacity of the animal to release an endogenous pyrogen is a critical factor. (a) Viruses produce fever by the release of endogenous pyrogen. (b) Tolerance to the pyrogenic effect of r...

Pyrogenic responses, ranging up to 4.8 F, were induced in cats by oral administration of highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin B in doses from 10 to 100 mug/kg. Fever was a more sensitive indicator of intoxication than was emesis. Highly purified preparations of enterotoxin A, whether administered intravenously (0.01 to 1.0 mug/kg), orally (10 to 25 mug/kg), or into the cerebral ventricles...

The object of research is the hydrophobization a coating based on styrene-acrylic copolymer and cellulose acetate butyrate with pyrogenic silicon dioxide. hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity surface depends mainly chemical structure its roughness. A relief hydrophilic will be wetted much more easily than flat same material, vice versa – an increase in roughness hydrophobe accompanied by pronounced...

Although there has been extensive study of various aspects of thermoregulation, the sequence of events which lead to the development of fever following the inoculation of pyrogenic agents has remained obscure. Most investigations of the pathogenesis of fever have been carried out with bacterial endotoxins. These agents are potent toxins and in minute dosages produce cellular damage and a variet...

Saline extracts of homogenized, uninfected, rabbit tissues produced febrile responses when injected intravenously into rabbits. Extracts of muscle, lung, and heart evoked fevers that were similar to those induced by leucocyte pyrogen; extracts of spleen, liver, and kidney caused more sustained fevers. The minimal pyrogenic dose appeared to be between 1.5 and 3 gm wet weight of tissue. Evidence ...