Autospectral and coherence analyses were used to determine the effect of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) GABA(A) receptor antagonism [microinfusion or microinjections of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) 100 pmoles] on sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) frequency components (bursting pattern and relationships between discharges in regionally selective nerves) in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. SND ...

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is known to be an important site of integration in the central nervous system for sympathetic outflow. ANG II and nitric oxide (NO) play an important role in regulation of sympathetic nerve activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine how the interaction between NO and ANG II within the PVN affects sympathetic outflow in rats. R...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neuronal projections from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) have been proposed to target corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) as part of the ARC-PVN axis. The existence of a positive feedback loop involving CRF receptors in the PVN has been suggested. Exogenous NPY and CRF in the PVN have been shown to inhibit gastric acid secre...

Renovascular hypertension in mice is characterized by an elevation in hypothalamic angiotensin II levels. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a major cardioregulatory site implicated in the neurogenic component of renovascular hypertension. Increased superoxide (O(2)(-·)) production in the PVN is involved in angiotensin II-dependent neurocardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart f...

We showed previously that oxytocinergic (OTergic) projections from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the dorsal brain stem mediate training-induced heart rate (HR) adjustments and that beneficial effects of training are blocked by sinoaortic denervation (SAD; Exp Physiol 94: 630-640; 1103-1113, 2009). We sought now to determine the combined effect of training and SAD on PVN OTer...

RATIONALE Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure is characterized by central nervous system-driven sympathoexcitation and deteriorating cardiac function. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of sympathetic nerve activity and is implicated in heart failure. Redox signaling in the PVN and other central nervous system sites is a primary mechanism of ne...

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important site for the regulation of sympathetic outflow. Angiotensin II (Ang II) can activate AT(1) receptors to stimulate PVN presympathetic neurons through inhibition of GABAergic input. However, little is known about the downstream pathway involved in this presynaptic action of Ang II in the PVN. In this study, using whole cell recording ...

Birth is characterized by a surge in sympathetic outflow, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and circulating catecholamines. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is an important central regulatory site of sympathetic activity, but its role in the regulation of sympathoexcitation at birth is unknown. To test the hypothesis that the PVN regulates sympathetic act...

AIMS Salusin-β is a bioactive peptide with peripheral hypotensive, mitogenic and pro-atherosclerotic effects. The present study was designed to determine the roles of salusin-β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its relationship with arginine vasopressin (AVP) in hypertension and sympathetic activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Renovascular hypertension was induced by two-kidney, one-clip (2...

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is known to be involved in the control of sympathetic outflow. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have a sympathoinhibitory effect in the PVN. The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of overexpression of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) within the PVN on renal sympathetic nerve discharge (RSND). Adenovirus vectors encoding eit...