Against a kind of parallel hybrid electric bus which is demonstrated in a city of China, a simulation model of the parallel hybrid powertrain system is established by referring to parameters of the demonstrating bus. Regarding the Chinese typical city bus driving cycle and the bus driving cycle of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province as the driving cycles for the simulation, the fuel economy of t...

This article introduces a specific and simple model for electric vehicles suitable for load flow studies. The electric vehicles demand system is modeled as a PQ bus with stochastic characteristics based on the concept of the queuing theory. All appropriate variables of stochastic PQ buses are given with closed formulas as a function of charging time. A specific manufacturer model of electric ve...

In this paper we present the design of a rechargeable battery storage device for use in an all-electric ship. The purpose of this device is to provide power of predictable quality to selected equipment. In addition a recharging unit is proposed for recharging the battery from the ship’s electric bus.

The phasor measurement unit (PMU) is considered to be one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power systems. The distinction comes from its unique ability to provide synchronized phasor measurements of voltages and currents from widely dispersed locations in an electric power grid. This paper proposes an algorithm based on the clustering techniques for solving the optimal P...

A sustainable residential microgrid composed of two distributed generation sources (photovoltaic panels and biofuel generator), one energy storage device (battery bank), and able of supplying both AC and DC loads, including a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, is proposed. The microgrid can operate in grid-connected mode and island mode. It is composed of a main DC bus and also an AC bus. The cha...

Concerned with fuel consumption and emissions, especially public transportation in urban areas, the ELFA electric drive system has been developed for hybrid bus applications. This modular system provides bus manufactures a cost effective solution with a maximum degree of design flexibility. The system is adaptable to buses with a wide variety of energy storage devices, power sources, and hybrid...

The state estimation (SE) in an electric power system is subject to uncertainty, due to random measurement errors, inaccurate line parameters, etc. Specifically, the location of the reference bus may influence over the accuracy of some estimated states. This paper analyzes this effect and proposes an algorithm to select the reference bus, pursuing maximum overall accuracy. Two realistic case st...