Pupil diameter was measured in darkness and in dull and bright illumination in 39 migrainous patients and in 15 tension headache sufferers during headache. In 21 migrainous patients, measurements were repeated during the headache-free interval. Mean pupil diameter was smaller in patients with common migraine at the time of examination than in 20 nonheadache control subjects, and smaller on the ...

This study investigated the static and dynamic characteristics of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in the alert rhesus monkey. Temporal characteristics of the PLR were investigated with Maxwellian viewing during sinusoidal changes in illumination of a 36 degrees stimulus in both monkeys and humans. Bode plots of the PLR response were fitted by a linear model composed of a delay combined with a ...

This study aims to describe a new universal method identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary, and optical axes eye angles between them using topography elevation data. The was validated in large clinical cohort, ethnical differences were recorded. Topography data collected from 1992 normal eyes 966 healthy participants Italy, Brazil, China. three main defined as fo...

Pupil diameters of color-grapheme synaesthetes were measured with an infrared eye-tracker while Stroop-like alphanumeric symbols were passively viewed. Pupils dilated more when synaesthetes viewed incongruently-colored symbols than congruently-colored symbols or symbols printed in the standard black ink. The results show that the physiological measure of pupillary diameter can be used as a mark...

Pupillary measures have been linked to arousal and attention as well as activity in the brainstem's locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. Similarly, there is evidence that evoked EEG responses, such as the P3, might have LC-NE activity as their basis. Since it is not feasible to record electrophysiological data directly from the LC in humans due to its location in the brainstem, an ope...

The ability to adaptively shift between exploration and exploitation control states is critical for optimizing behavioral performance. Converging evidence from primate electrophysiology and computational neural modeling has suggested that this ability may be mediated by the broad norepinephrine projections emanating from the locus coeruleus (LC) [Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. An integrative t...

The commercial exploitation of guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris) is a viable alternative for small rural properties in arid and semi-arid regions, as they are rustic birds capable withstanding the climatic adversities these regions. objective this study was to evaluate pupillary temperature, smaller diameter, larger diameter pupil area housed controlled environment, under two air temperatures: 26...

OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat, on autonomic and somatic neuropathy at an early stage in type 2 diabetic patients by assessing the pupillary light reflex and minimum latency of the F-wave. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 30 diabetic patients with subclinical or mild diabetic neuropathy were randomly alloc...

PURPOSE Pupillary dilatation with three types of eye drops is used regularly in the clinic; however, a mixture of these drops in a single bottle may be more beneficial in reducing workloads and resources. This study compared the efficacy in pupillary dilatation between two protocols of dilating drop instillation. METHODS This prospective, randomized, comparative study included 30 eligible Tha...