The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose transdermal spray (MDTS) formulation for transdermal delivery of dexketoprofen (DE). DE release from a series of formulations was assessed in vitro. Various qualitative and quantitative parameters like spray pattern, pump seal efficiency test, average weight per metered dose, and dose uniformity were evaluated. The optimized formul...

Transdermal Delivery System (TDS) is a liquid formulation which can be applied to the skin via a metered pump spray to deliver drug across skin. This placebo controlled, double blind trial compared anaesthetic properties of two TDS systems (TDS alpha and TDS beta) with placebo. The active and placebo treatments were applied to the dorsum of the hands, bilaterally and simultaneously for 5 min on...

BACKGROUND Many infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, could be preventable through vaccination. The effort to produce safe, thermally stable, and needle-free mucosal vaccines has become increasingly important for global health considerations. We have previously demonstrated that a thermally stable nanoemulsion, a mucosal adjuvant...

In order to improve local therapeutic techniques for the massively burnt patients and to minimize the pain associated with dressing change, the concept of topical film was utilized to formulate a topical antimicrobial spray. The commonly used topical antimicrobial silver sulfadiazine spray was formulated as a new drug delivery system. The release of therapeutic agents in vitro from medicated sp...

There are many ways to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions. However, NOx emission is difficult to reduce because the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in a diesel engine is not sufficient for NOx conversion. Therefore, in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the De-NOx catalyst, a secondary injection system is designed to inject liquid HC into the exhaust pipe. The atomization and distr...

In this paper, a simulation model of a spray flash desalination system is proposed. In the spray flash desalination system, the freshwater is made from the evaporation-condensation process, i.e., evaporation of warm surface seawater in a flash chamber and condensation of the generated vapor by deep cool seawater. A simulation model of the spray flash desalination system is constructed by using ...

In this study, three turbines were tested with variations in the diameter of blades elbow pipe, are ½ inch, ¾ inch and 1 alternately. The working principle test installation is that pump circulates pressurized water through a pipe from lower reservoir to nozzle, spray nozzle hits turbine so rotates, falls flows back into reservoir. rotation occurs also causes pulley generator. rotating generato...