Many molecular and biochemical methods and techniques are being developed to track sources of bacteria in water and food. Currently, there is no standard method proposed for source tracking. This manuscript is a critical evaluation of the various methods used in watersheds, and highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Making a decision on a single or combination of me...

background and objectives: making stacking gels for polyacrylamide gels in the laboratory by conventional methods is laborious and time consuming. considering the role of temperature in polyacrylamide gels with respect to electrical resistance and viscosity, we assumed that decreasing the temperature would cause an increase in electrical resistance and viscosity.  ultimately, a downward tempera...

BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Recent studies suggest that dental plaque biofilms serve as a reservoir for respiratory pathogens. The goal of this study was to determine the genetic relationship between strains of respiratory pathogens first isolated from the oral cavity and later i...

Repetitive DNA sequences in the terminal heterochromatin of rye (Secale cereale) chromosomes have consequences for the structural and functional organization of chromosomes. The large-scale genomic organization of these regions was studied using the telomeric repeat from Arabidopsis and clones of three nonhomologous, tandemly repeated, subtelomeric DNA families with complex but contrasting high...

conclusions the results of this study illustrated the persistence of resistant bacteria in the environment, and highlight the reservoir of resistance, associated with use of antibiotics, as feed additive in poultry production. results out of the 55 mrsa strains, all isolates were at least resistant to penicillin, 58% showed resistance to erythromycin and 55% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. on ...

patients and methods we retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of 3 patients with r. mannitolilytica. results the patients’ primary-onset symptoms were chills and fever. the disease progressed rapidly and septic shock symptoms developed. laboratory tests indicated progressively decreased white blood cells and platelets, as well as significant increases in certain inflammation indicat...