The principal use of water by the petroleum refining industry in the United States of America is in the refining branch itself, and the present paper is concerned with problems arising from this use of water, and some of the measures being taken by the industry to solve these problems. The compilation oftheManualonDisposalof Refinery Wastes is briefly alludedto, and the importance ofrecirculati...

Leather industry, one of the polluting industries because of generation of huge amount of liquid and solid wastes, also emits obnoxious smell because of degradation of proteinous material of skin and generation of gases such as NH3, H2S and CO2. Solid wastes are raw trimmings, fleshings, chrome shavings, buffing dusts and keratin wastes. Accumulation of these wastes lead to sludge problem and c...

Medical wastes include all infectious waste, hazardous (including low-level radioactive) wastes, and any other wastes that are generated from all types of health care institutions, including hospitals, clinics, doctor (including dental and veterinary) offices, and medical laboratories (42). 1 The main focus of concern has been on the portion of medical wastes that are defined as infectious, and...

The liquid wastes produced during the processing of radioactive materials at the Savannah River Site were initially stored in large underground tanks constructed of carbon steel. These liquid wastes were generated from the Purex process (for producing plutonium) and the HM process (for producing tritium). The liquid wastes were designated as high-level wastes and lowlevel wastes. As the product...

Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes contribute the highest percentage of wastes worldwide (75%). Furthermore, ceramic materials contribute the highest percentage of wastes within the C&D wastes (54%). The current option for disposal of ceramic wastes is landfill. This is due to unavailability of standards, avoidance of risk, lack of knowledge and experience in using ceramic wastes in const...

Currently, much of our biodegradable wastes such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes & animal wastes are used to produce Biogas, a powerful greenhouse gas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a treatment that composts these wastes in the absence of oxygen, producing a biogas that can be used to generate Heat & Power. Producing renewable energy from our biodegradable wastes helps to tackle the energy...

  The use of herbal medicines dates back to the beginning of the human history. Today, herbal medicines still play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of disease in many cultures and communities. There are few reports about adverse effects of herbal medicines. This is why many people around the world believe that herbal medicines can't cause adverse effects. They believe plants ...