Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service • Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Paper is a thin sheet usually manufactured from cellulose pulp derived from wood and other lignocellulosic materials such as cotton, rice or wheat straw for writing, printing and packaging purposes. Some of the important production processes and properties of different kind of papers will be reviewe...

this study was aimed to investigate the effect of altitude on fiber characteristics, chemical composition and kraft yield pulp of brutian pine. wood samples were collected from different altitudes as 450, 750 and 960m of arabdagh plantation, located in kalaleh region in the northeast of golestan province. three healthy sample trees of brutian pine were cut from each altitude. maceration of earl...

The pulp and paper industry has started applying new, ecologically sound technology (biotechnology) in its manufacturing processes. Many interesting enzymatic applications have been proposed. Implemented technologies tend to change the existing industrial process as little as possible. Enzymes have great potentials in solving many problems associated with the use of recycled fiber, especially r...

Abstract Chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is often used in middle layers of multiply paperboards due to its high bulk at specified strength. Such a CTMP should consist well-separated undamaged fibres with sufficient bonding capacity. The basic objective this work examine the effect refining on bulk, taking into account conditions such as temperature, sulphonation, gap and refiner size. First s...

One key barrier to converting woody biomass to biofuel through the sugar platform is the low efficiency of enzymatic cellulose saccharification due to the strong recalcitrance of the crystalline cellulose. Significant past research efforts in cellulosic biofuels have focused on overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses to enhance the saccharification of the recalcitrant cellulose. However...

Films of microfibrillated celluloses (MFCs) from pulps of different yields, containing varying amounts of extractives, lignin, and hemicelluloses, were produced by combining refining and high-pressure homogenization techniques. MFC films were produced using a casting-evaporation technique and the physical and mechanical properties (including density, roughness, fold endurance and tensile proper...