The Java Cryptography Architecture, JCA in short, was created to allow JCA-compliant cryptography providers to be plugged into a JCA-aware application at run time. This configurable feature makes JCA widely used and assures its success. However, the public key cryptographic service interfaces defined by JCA are based on the conventional public key cryptography, which is a single-sender-singlere...

Introduction Agricultural development is critical to the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Central to rebuilding the agriculture sector is the need for an effective agriculture research and extension system. Throughout the world, and in Afghanistan, agriculture research and extension is in transition – influenced by trends toward reduced government intervention in the economy, growth of the privat...

Regarding the fiscal constraints and management difficulties of public hospitals, several countries have used public private partnership model to improve their health facilities. Public private partnership enables using public resources and private investment and expertise in a combined structure. Moheb hospital is the first Iranian hospital managed according to public private-partnership. The ...