the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

the present study has tried to accomplish an analysis of margaret atwood’s novels oryx and crake, and the year of the flood in the light of posthuman and cyborg theories. considering posthumanism as a critical reading of some notions of humanism focus of which in this thesis has been identity, new definitions for humanity and human identity are formed. haraway’s cyborg, as one possible new figu...

One of the main challenges in revenue making of the knowledge raised from academic researches is decision making about an appropriate business model for transferring it from academic world to real world. This research has been accomplished for designing public research institutes social business model. Due to the lack of local business models in this field, novelty and multi-dimensionality of t...

In this paper, the management of Islamic cities in the urban economic spaces and also the contemporary cities are viewed from three different looks: First, the history of urban management through corporate institutions; second,  the modern systems in European and American cities such as BID (Business Improvement District); and third, structural changes and urban management in the business sp...

the poor orientation of the restaurants toward the information technology has yet many unsolved issues in regards to the customers. one of these problems which lead the appeal list of later, and have a negative impact on the prestige of the restaurant is the case when the later does not respond on time to the customers’ needs, and which causes their dissatisfaction. this issue is really sensiti...