objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the persian version of chicago multi-scale depression inventory (cmdi) in iranian subjects. method: cmdi was translated into persian according to the standard method. two hundred and sixty two medical students (of whom, 114 were re-tested 5-10 days after the first test), archibald 40 patients with major depressive e...

the main purpose of this paper has been to discuss the effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. we were specifically concerned with stress that increased susceptibility of uninfected hosts when exposed to infection. if such stresses also reduced resources, fecundity and/or survivorship, there was a reduction in the host carrying capacity. in addi...

introduction: tinnitus is a common complaint in patients referred to otorhinolaryngology clinics and is a condition where one hears a sound without any distinguishable external acoustic source or electrical stimulus. about 3-30% of adults experience different degrees of tinnitus during their life. this study aims to ascertain and compare personality traits between patients with tinnitus and a c...

In two experiments, food-deprived rat subjects leverpressed for food in three successive training phases. In the first phase of both experiments, rats were exposed to a multiple schedule, one component of which produced a high rate of response, and the other of which produced a lower rate of response (multiple random ratio [RR], random interval [RI] in Experiment 1, and multiple differential re...

A set of four manipulanda were presented to four Cebus monkeys, individually, and later in pairs. Step 1 provided an estimate of each S's probability of operating each item, while Step 2 determined whether pairing the items would disturb the ordinal relations among individual response probabilities. Both procedures provided information necessary for testing the assumption that a reinforcer is s...

abstract background: chronic urticaria (cu) is a common dermatological disease that induces a substantial burden on individuals’ life. also if one’s self-image changes (which usually happen in patients with dermatological diseases), it leads to anxiety or other various symptoms. we aimed to compare the psychological scales in patients with cu with non-dermatological individuals with the purpose...

introduction: today, psychological methods are being applied more often to reduce adverse effects of social life and to enhance positive and satisfying effects of communal life.one of these methods is psychological resilience training. objective:the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on aggression and happiness among nursing and midwifery students ...

worldwide, more than 185,000 children under 18 years die from road traffic accidents annually (each four minutes a child death occurred due to road crashes); with most casualties from developing countries. 95% of road traffic fatalities among children occur in developing countries. many more children are injured, often severely, and suffering from different disabilities. road accidents cause ex...

objective: present research intends to investigate relationship of psychological hardiness with emotional intelligence and workaholism among high school teachers. methods: the study population includes all male and female high school teachers in ghorveh city in the academic year 2012-2013. using simple random sampling method, 100 male and female teachers were selected. to collect data, kobasa p...