We propose a method for association analysis of haplotypes on the X chromosome that offers both improved power and robustness to population stratification in studies of affected offspring and their parents if all three have been genotyped. The method makes use of assumed parental haplotype exchangeability (PHE), a weaker assumption than Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). PHE requires that in the...

BACKGROUND Genome wide association studies (GWAS) already have identified tens of susceptible loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). However, whether these loci associated with nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we replicated 38 SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) which has the most significant p value...

introduction: a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate is one of the major congenital anomalies observed in newborns. this study explored the risk factors for oral clefts in gorgan, northern iran.  materials and methods: this hospital-based case-control study was performed in three hospitals in gorgan, northern iran between april 2006 and december 2009. the case group contained 33 newborns wi...

AIM To examine the prevalence of different types of dental anomalies in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip, unilateral cleft lip-palate, and bilateral cleft lip-palate. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 90 patients (aged 4-20 years) affected by isolated cleft lip, unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate was examined. Cleft patients were classified into one of three groups according to...

PfbA (plasmin- and fibronectin-binding protein A) is an extracellular Streptococcus pneumoniae cell-wall attached surface protein that binds to fibronectin, plasmin, and plasminogen. Here we present a structural analysis of the surface exposed domains of PfbA using a combined approach of X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The crystal structure of the PfbA core domain...

background cleft lip and palate as the most common congenital defect of oral cavity possesses a heavy socioeconomic burden for both the child and parents. nasoalveolar molding (nam) has received more attention to enhance future facial appearance and function during recent decades case presentation a 21-day old female neonate was referred with a bilateral cleft lip and palate. parents complained...

Cleft lip defects are usually regarded as a single entity, with the assumption that an accompanying cleft palate represents the more severe form. The authors linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway with medical records from two centralized centers to provide a population-based data set. They assessed the distribution of cleft lip only and cleft lip with cleft palate by covariate. ...

background: current methods of closure of the cleft palate result in the formation of scars and impairment of growth. distraction osteogenesis (do) might be an effective means to repair or at least reduce the size of wide clefts. this study investigates the biomechanical aspects of this process. materials and methods: do simulation was applied to reduce the size of a unilateral hard palate clef...