mitochondria play key roles in many cell functions including energy production, fatty acid metabolism, pyrimidine biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, and aging. they also regulate crucial signaling cascades such as apoptosis and oxidative stress. the proteome is often used to investigate the functional correlations on protein levels. based upon the human, genome there is estimated 2000 to 2500 a...

Advances in high-throughput and advanced technologies allow researchers to routinely perform whole genome and proteome analysis. For this purpose, they need high-quality resources providing comprehensive gene and protein sets for their organisms of interest. Using the example of the human proteome, we will describe the content of a complete proteome in the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB). We ...

The plasma proteome is a complex mixture of more than 3,000 proteins that has routinely been exploited by physicians for clinical diagnostic assays. More recently, the low-abundance region of the proteome has been examined for potential biomarkers of disease. A calorimetric assay has been developed that exploits a new physical basis with which to interrogate the plasma proteome. This article pr...

Proteomics [2] is the large-scale study of proteomes. A proteome [3] is a set of proteins produced in an organism, system, or biological context. We may refer to, for instance, the proteome of a species (for example, Homo sapiens) or an organ (for example, the liver). The proteome is not constant; it differs from cell to cell and changes over time. To some degree, the proteome reflects the unde...

Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. Proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the changes in protein In order to investigate the proteome of wheat leaves in response to terminal drought, two genotypes susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fe...

Proteome-pI is an online database containing information about predicted isoelectric points for 5029 proteomes calculated using 18 methods. The isoelectric point, the pH at which a particular molecule carries no net electrical charge, is an important parameter for many analytical biochemistry and proteomics techniques, especially for 2D gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), capillary isoelectric focus...

Until recently, understanding the regulatory behavior of cells has been pursued through independent analysis of the transcriptome or the proteome. Based on the central dogma, it was generally assumed that there exist a direct correspondence between mRNA transcripts and generated protein expressions. However, recent studies have shown that the correlation between mRNA and Protein expressions can...

Multidomain proteins are ubiquitous in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteomes. Study on protein folding, however, has concentrated more on the isolated single domains of proteins, and there have been relatively few systematic studies on the effects of domain-domain interactions on folding. We here discuss this issue by examining human gammaD-crystallin, spore coat protein S, and a tandem arr...