Two insulin dependent diabetics with previous anaphylactic like (anaphylactoid) reactions to protamine underwent successful cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery surgery. Platelet concentrates instead of protamine were used to neutralise their systemic heparinisation. In both cases the anaphylactoid reactions first became apparent after administration of protamine sulphate at the end of ca...

Natural and synthetic polycationic proteins, such as protamine, have been used to reproduce the tissue injury and changes in epithelial permeability caused by positively charged substances released by polymorphonuclear cells during inflammation. Protamine has diverse and often conflicting effects on epithelial permeability. The effects of this polycation on the distribution and expression of ti...

Trout testis maturation is characterized by the complete replacement of the histones by the protamines. During this process, the protamines are extensively modified by enzymatic phosphorylation of their seryl residues. In addition, a methionyl residue is transiently incorporated at the NH2 terminus of newly synthesized protamine. However, these modifying groups are removed by the time that sper...

A mouse protamine 1 cDNA probe was used to study P1 protamine gene expression during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. In situ hybridization experiments showed that transcription of the P1 protamine mRNA starts in the middle of step 7 of spermiogenesis during substage VIIc. The mRNA levels stay high in steps 7-14 spermatids but decrease during steps 15-16 and are virtually un...

In most eukaryotes, centromeric histone (CenH3) proteins mediate mitosis and meiosis ensure epigenetic inheritance of centromere identity. We hypothesized that disparate chromatin environments in soma versus germline might impose divergent functional requirements on single CenH3 genes, which could be ameliorated by gene duplications subsequent specialization. Here, we analyzed the cytological l...

Human sperm contain similar amounts of protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2). Although an aberrant protamine ratio have been observed in subfertile men, functional evidence is provided by protamine knockout mice exhibiting male infertility. As sperm DNA integrity is known to be linked with DNA fragmentation and apoptosis, we investigated whether the DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) ratio or ...

_____________ _ (J. Extra-Corpor. Techno/. 19 [3] p. 358-364 Fall1987, 16 ref.) Many of the clinical protocols currently used to calculate the protamine (Pr) dosage for heparin neutralization following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilize an empirical Pr to heparin ratio. Pr titration, though a proven method of dosage calculation, is inherently tedious and thus not routinely used in the operati...

The DNA of most vertebrate sperm cells is packaged by protamines. The primary structure of mammalian protamine I can be divided into three domains, a central DNA binding domain that is arginine-rich and amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains that are rich in cysteine residues. In native bull sperm chromatin, intramolecular disulfide bonds hold the terminal domains of bull protamine folded back on...

We previously reported the development of a cellulose fiber based blood filter device containing immobilized protamine (termed protamine filter) that could be used to control both heparin- and protamine-induced complications during extracorporeal therapy. To achieve enhanced heparin adsorption on the fibers, we examined the possibility of utilizing the poly-L-lysine based amplification method t...