Modern ciphers are one of the more difficult to break cipher systems because these high security, speed, non - propagation error and difficulty in breaking it. One most important weaknesses stream is a matching or correlation between output key-stream shift registers. This work considers new investigation methods for cryptanalysis using ciphertext only attack depending on Particle Swarm Optimiz...

The study, aimed at evaluating the likely effects of the EC Directive on late payments, provides direct evidence that interfirm credit received by Italian manufacturing firms is, if ever, only slightly more expensive than bank loans. An econometric exercise shows that financial determinants have a stronger impact on recorded credit and debt periods for larger firms, able to use trade credit to ...