Background: Dystocia is the most common indication of primary cesarean section. The most common cause of dystocia is uterine dysfunction. In prolonged labor, more attention is usually paid to the fetus and pelvis rather than to the role of uterine contractions in a delivery. Therefore, we decided to determine the relationship between the labor progress and uterine contractions shapes.Methods: I...

 Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of epidural versus entonox methods for labor analgesia in nulliparous women.  Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on 84 nulliparous women with - pregnancy admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in 10 May 2010- 10 May 2011.  They were randomly divided into two groups 42 women inhaled entonox in active phase at the ...

A healthy 33-year-old primiparous woman developed sudden central, nonradiating chest pain and right-sided neck and facial swelling during a prolonged second stage of labor. The main finding was subcutaneous emphysema involving the neck and face. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare cause of chest pain and can lead to subcutaneous emphysema during labor. It is probable that SPM occurred...

BACKGROUND Guidelines for management of the second stage have been proposed since the 1800s and were created largely by expert opinion. Current retrospective data are mixed regarding differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes with a prolonged second stage. There are no randomized controlled trials that have evaluated whether extending the second stage of labor beyond current American College...

A 32-year-old married Chinese woman with cataplectic narcolepsy developed status cataplecticus during childbirth. It resulted in prolonged labor and required an emergency cesarean section. The patient had a history of severe and prolonged cataplectic attacks during sexual excitement but relatively mild attacks in other situations. We postulated that her susceptibility to genital stimulation mig...

 ABSTRACT Physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise. Typical orders provide for 125 mL of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. Our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress oflabor. In a prospective randomized institutional clinical tri...