BACKGROUND Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been common in daily life all over the world. They have produced by power lines and electrical appliances, but higher levels of them have raised a lot of concerns about their carcinogenesis. Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that EMFs might increase cancer incidence, including acute childhood leuke...

Reconstruction of the phylogeny of the five extant classes of the phylum Echinodermata has proven difficult. Results concerning higher-level taxonomic relationships among echinoderms are sensitive to the choice of analytical parameters and methods. Moreover, the proposal of a putative sixth class based on a small enigmatic disc-shaped echinoderm, Xyloplax, from the deep seas of the Bahamas and ...

Beaks are innovative structures characterizing numerous tetrapod lineages, including birds, but little is known about how developmental processes influenced the macroevolution of these important structures. Here we provide evidence of ontogenetic vestigialization of alveoli in two lineages of theropod dinosaurs and show that these are transitional phenotypes in the evolution of beaks. One of th...

Adult digenetic trematodes are typically parasites of vertebrates. Sexually mature trematodes occurring in invertebrate hosts are usually regarded as precocious last-larval stages, to which the term 'progenetic' is applied. These progenetic forms are often encysted, and can usually only contribute to the further life history of the species, and, in many cases, can only attain the definitive for...

SYNOPSIS. The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology. Leaving aside the complex debate on the value of genetic evidence, the morphological and developmental evidence in favor of a segmented Urbilateria are discussed in the light of the emerging molecular phylogeny of m...

Herbal medicine has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases; however, the adverse reactions cannot be ignored. Most previous studies have ignored the relationship between the factors of geographical areas/batches and toxicity. This study used Polygonum multiflorum (PM) as an example to analyze the relationship between the geographical areas/batches and toxicity and speculated on t...

Streptococcus sanguinis is a commensal and early colonizer of oral cavity as well as an opportunistic pathogen of infectious endocarditis. Extracting the soluble proteome of this bacterium provides deep insights about the physiological dynamic changes under different growth and stress conditions, thus defining "proteomic signatures" as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this protocol, we ...

SYNOPSIS. TWO fundamentally opposed theories have been proposed to account for the origin of the body plan of the flatworms. Each theory relates to a different concept of the evolution of the early metazoans. For the defenders of the classical planuloid/acoeloi'd theory, the simple organization of the flatworms is reminiscent of an hypothetical acoelomate worm-like ancestor of all bilaterians. ...

Objective: This study aims to identify different biomarkers of Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) using untargeted metabolomics screening.Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, serum samples from MPS patients (n = 19) healthy controls 10) were analyzed reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (MS-QTOF). The resulted raw data was processed with Progene...

Crucial for skin homeostasis, synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components are orchestrated by dermal fibroblasts. During aging, alterations component expression, such as collagens enzymes, lead to reduction the mechanical tension defects wound healing. The aim this study was better understand molecular underwent fibroblasts during aging comparing secretomic proteomic signatures...