“Avoidable rework” is effort spent fixing difficulties with the software that could have been avoided or discovered earlier and less expensively. This definition implies that there is such thing as “unavoidable rework”. Reducing “avoidable rework” is a major source of software productivity improvement and most effort savings from improving software processes, architectures and risk management a...

In an era of tight budgets and increased outsourcing, getting a good measure of an organization’s productivity is a persistent management concern. Unfortunately, experience shows that no single productivity measure applies in all situations for all purposes. Instead, organizations must craft productivity measures appropriate to their processes and information needs. This article discusses the k...

Fodder trees and shrubs are crucial sources of animal feed in Sudan, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. This is because they can fill up the feed gaps in the summer period when grassland growth is limited due to unfavorable weather conditions. The study was conducted in Elnour forest-southeastern Sudan in 2015, which is dominated by Acacia seyal. The objectives of this study were to esti...

A study was commissioned by Hughes Space and Communications software engineering group to determine the effectiveness of the recent introduction of object-oriented languages, technologies, and development methodologies. Of particular was any effects on development productivity. Fundamentally productivity metrics are difficult to apply across non-homogeneous projects and development teams. Furth...

Received Jun 1, 2015 Revised Oct 16, 2015 Accepted Nov 5, 2015 Every software development project is unique and different from repeatable manufacturing process. Each software project share different challenges related to technology, people and timelines. If every project is unique, how project manager can estimate project in a consistent way by applying his past experience. One of the major cha...

Nowadays, software must be developed at an everincreasing rate and, at the same time, a low defect count has to be accomplished. To improve in both aspects, an objective and fair benchmark for the productivity of software development projects is inevitably needed. Lines of Code was one of the first widely used metrics for the size of software systems and the productivity of programmers. Due to ...

Background Productivity of recombinant therapeutics is a coordinated effort of multiple pathways in the cell [1]. The protein processing pathway in endoplasmic reticulum has been the target of many cell engineering studies but with mixed results [2]. We have observed the induction of UPR genes in recombinant CHO cells (data not shown). In this work, we attempt to increase their productivity fur...

Currently, there are no national guidelines on appropriate staffing for hospital lactation, and a central goal in today's health care climate is to provide optimal patient care while making the best use of available resources. This article describes a successful effort to improve patient care, lactation productivity, and employee satisfaction through a system of lactation rounds at Oklahoma Uni...

This study empirically examines the effect of copyright piracy reduction on writers’ creative productivity and customer care efforts using data from a digital publishing firm.