this paper aims to investigate the integrated production/distribution and inventory planning for perishable products with fixed life time in the constant condition of storage throughout a two-echelon supply chain by integrating producers and distributors. this problem arises from real environment in which multi-plant with multi-function lines produce multi-perishable products with fixed life ti...

Growing competition for land, water and energy call global strategies ensuring affordable food production at minimum environmental impacts. Economic modelling studies suggest trade-off relationships between sustainability prices. However, evidence based on empirical cost-functions supporting such trade-offs remains scarce the level. Here, cost engineering modelling, we show that optimised spati...