Public Law 108-173) provides about $14 billion over 10 years in new federal funding to encourage private plans to participate in Medicare Advantage.1 Historically, private plan participation in Medicare has fluctuated. Continuing changes in Medicare’s funding policies and program requirements have hindered private health plans from meeting conflicting expectations. Over time, Congress establish...

This paper examines the role of infrastructure in long run economic growth. The paper consists of two sections, the first concentrates on the theoretical role of government spending in models of growth and the second details examples of private participation in infrastructure development. Using a simple endogenous growth model we find that while the hypothesized benefits of infrastructure expen...

Increasing the participation of the private health sector in the AIDS response could help to achieve universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. Yet little is known about the extent to which the private health sector is delivering HIV-related services. This study uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and AIDS Indicator Surveys (AIS) from 12 c...

A two-stage study aimed to identify the effects of the critical pathway recording methodology on clinical coding practice and to determine coders' participation in pathway development. Critical pathways were found to be in widespread use, with low coder participation in pathway development and poor education on pathway data extraction. Coders favoured the traditional medical record format; priv...

Engaging private landowners in conservation activities for imperiled species is critical to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity. Market-based approaches can incentivize conservation behaviors on private lands by shifting the benefit-cost ratio of engaging in activities that result in net conservation benefits for target species. In the United States and elsewhere, voluntary conservation agre...

Network industries are often organized as vertically integrated public monopolies. Recent trends indicate the participation of the private sector. Developing and transition economies need to establish adequate regulatory policies and institutions to provide incentives for private sector participation and to protect public interests. New regulatory policies entail the creation of market competit...

This paper endogenizes bidders’ beliefs about their competition in a symmetric first-price auction with independent private values, by allowing bidders to decide whether to participate publicly or secretly. When public participation is more costly, bidders only participate secretly in the unique equilibrium. By contrast, when secret participation is slightly more costly, all symmetric equilibri...

there has been no research so far conducted on the financial participation of the private sector in iran’s industrial development during the last three decades. the present research has been carried out through documentary, survey and field methods. the participants were a sample of 146 private firm owners. previous studies have indicated that during the first decade after the islamic revolutio...