Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, offers a unique solution for fabricating complex geometries with high tolerances. Currently, many commercial additive manufacturing machines focus on the printing of polymers limited functionalities. However, conductive (CPs) can be processed to enable conductive, low-density, and low-cost parts myriad applications. This review summari...

the aims of this study were to determine hippuric acid and toluene in urine samples, airborne toluene levels, health effects, and to describe any correlation between specimen samples. seventy-five printing workers exposed to toluene at work (exposed group), and 60 nonexposed people (control group) were studied. study participants were selected from same factories in the different positions. uri...

The technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing, also referred to as ‘‘rapid prototyping,’’ ‘‘additive manufacturing,’’ and ‘‘stereolithography,’’ refers to the process of converting a 3D computerized model into an actual physical object. This technology became a reality in 1986 as a result of the innovative thinking of inventor Charles Hull (US patent no. 4575330). Currently the ‘‘entry-leve...

There is a strong general demand for the permanent improvement of electrical machines. Nowadays, these are at their near maximum potential, and even small further improvements can only be achieved with great effort high cost. The single solution should paradigm shift in development, by using radically new approaches to topology, materials, fabrication. Therefore, application diverse 3D printing...

The concept of novel responsive materials with a displacement conversion capability was further developed through the design of new machine-augmented composites (MACs). Embedded converter machines and MACs with improved geometry were designed and fabricated by multi-material 3D printing. This technique proved to be very effective in fabricating these novel composites with tuneable elastic modul...

Biological machines consisting of cells and biomaterials have the potential to dynamically sense, process, respond, and adapt to environmental signals in real time. As a first step toward the realization of such machines, which will require biological actuators that can generate force and perform mechanical work, we have developed a method of manufacturing modular skeletal muscle actuators that...

While techniques exist for the rapid prototyping of mechanical and electrical components separately, this paper describes a method where commercial additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can be used to concurrently construct the mechanical structure and electronic circuits in a robotic or mechatronic system. The technique involves printing hollow channels within 3D printed parts that are then f...

Design of a decision-aiding model between subtractive manufacturing and 3Dprinting Tuan Minh Ryan Pham and Colton Harrison 3D-printing is becoming more and more widely used in industry. As this happens, manufacturers are becoming unsure of when to use this new technology and when to trudge on with subtractive (conventional) manufacturing processes. Subtractive manufacturing processes are well-e...

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing has opened up new opportunities for researchers in the field of electrical machines, as it allows more flexibility design and faster prototyping, which can lead to efficient cost-effective production. An overview primary AM techniques utilized designing machines is presented this paper. enables creation complex intricate designs that are difficult impo...