Abstract: This paper discusses the processing of topic meaning in metaphor comprehension, which consists not only of the acceptance of metaphor-relevant meaning but also the rejection of metaphor-irrelevant meaning. Our study examined the rejection process of topic word (e.g., “lawyer”) that include an irrelevant meaning (e.g., “helps people”) in metaphor comprehension (e.g., “a lawyer is like ...

Metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in natural language. This paper focuses on metaphor identification. Based on the linguistic definition, an improved classification system of Chinese metaphors is presented, classifying metaphorical language into two categories: referential metaphor with ten subclasses and collocational metaphor with five subclasses. Furthermore, a novel pattern matching algori...

language, science and politics go together and learning these genres is to learn a language created for codifying, extending and transmitting scientific and political knowledge. grammatical metaphor is divided into two broad areas: ideational and interpersonal.this paper focuses on the first type i.e. ideational grammatical metaphor (igm), which includes process types and nominalization.  the m...

Abdul Qadir Jurjânî, with his two famous books, is the most important scholar of Islamic rhetoric. He is the founder of rhetoric in the Muslim world. One of Jurjânî’s most prominent accomplishments is his comprehensive classification of metaphors. First of all, Jurjânî distinguishes between non-expressive and expressive metaphors, and then presents subclasses for expressive, or “useful”, metaph...

The economic media discourse depends upon a complex web of metaphors, among which WAR metaphor is worthy of special attention. The data used in this study is comprised of 2566 articles (about 1.2 million words) under the Economy column of China Daily published in 2014. Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) is used as the analytical framework to investigate WAR metaphor in the economic media discours...

Recent work on metaphor processing often employs selectional preference information. We present a comparison of different approaches to the modelling of selectional preferences, based on various ways of generalizing over corpus frequencies. We evaluate on the VU Amsterdam Metaphor corpus, a broad corpus of metaphor. We find that using only selectional preference information is enough to outperf...

in the persian eloquence, the imagination forms mainly comprise simile and metaphor. however, metonymy and irony as well are discussed under the same title. although in persian eloquence, rhetoric discusses such four important subjects, it is somewhat different in the western eloquence. the present study deals in brief with these four subjects. although the word metonymy can be considered as th...

At present several groups are analyzing astrophysical data in a search for the time variation of the finestructure constant a. Here we discuss how to exclude systematic effects caused by changes in the isotope abundances during the evolution of the universe. We suggest using particular combinations of the transition frequencies of O II, Al II, Al III, Si II, and Mn II as anchors, which are inse...

At present several groups are analyzing astrophysical data in a search for time-variation of the fine structure constant α. Here we discuss how to exclude systematic effects caused by the changes in the isotope abundances during the evolution of the universe. We suggest using particular combinations of the transition frequencies of O II, Al II, Al III, Si II and Mn II as anchors, which are inse...

Like many other disciplines, medicine often resorts to metaphor in order to explain complicated concepts that are imperfectly understood. But what happens when medicine's metaphors close off thinking, restricting interpretations and opinions to those of the negative kind? This paper considers the deleterious effects of destructive metaphors that cluster around pain. First, the metaphoric basis ...