The base of solar collector systems is usually installed in soil that contains moisture. In cold regions, due to the low ambient temperature, moisture freezes, creating a risk frost heave. This study analyzed heave mechanism power transmission and transformation foundation, clarified factors affecting way solve layer heave, proposed use heat transfer elements pre-frozen layers prevent foundatio...

NADH could not be freeze-stored at -25°C in 50 mMsodium phosphate buffer (pH range 6-8 20°C) without serious loss of the nucleotide; however, no losses were seen upon freeze storage in 50 mM-Hepes buffer (pH range 7-8, 20°C). The rate of NADH degradation was greater (approx. 2-fold) in 50 mMthan in 5 mM-sodium phosphate buffer, although NADH values at both buffer concentrations were similar (5%...

Artificial ground freezing (AGF) technology has been commonly applied in tunnel construction. Its primary goal is to create a frozen wall around the profile as hydraulic barrier and temporary support, but it inevitably affected by two natural factors. Firstly, seepage flows provide large continuous heat energy prevent soil from freezing. Secondly, key parameter transfer, thermal conductivity sh...

 We performed molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained model to study the freezing behavior of pure water and 14% water-salt mixture in a wide range of temperatures for a very long time around 50 nanoseconds. For the salty water, an interface in nanoscale was used. For both systems, the f...

Hairtail fish (Trichiurus savala) is potential to have a rapid deterioration due the high water and protein content in body of fish. One efforts prevent or slow down layur by freezing treatment. The process also cannot be completely avoided from emergence hazards, therefore way suppress hazards needed applying Critical Control Point (CCP). descriptive method with data collection including prima...

OBJECTIVES To study the impact of the use of cool water packs (water packs refrigerated at 2 to 8 degrees C) on the cold life of vaccine transport boxes and the shelf life of the vaccines. METHODS Data loggers were used to measure the temperatures of vaccine shipments with cool water packs in laboratory studies and country evaluations. The temperature recordings were mathematically translated...

1 S1. Supplementary methods 1 2 This supplementary information provides additional details for the measurement 3 techniques of immersion freezing of illite NX particles with S1.1. suspension techniques and 4 S1.2. dry-dispersed particle measurement techniques (both in alphabetical order as in Table 5 1). The discussions of measurement uncertainties of temperature and n s for each measurement 6 ...

Prior to this study, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) had not been identified in terrestrial arthropods from the Arctic or anywhere in Alaska. The hemolymph of 75 species of insects and six spiders from interior and arctic Alaska were screened for thermal hysteresis (a difference between the freezing and melting points), characteristic of the presence of AFPs. Eighteen species of insects and three sp...

Changes in membrane lipid composition play important roles in plant adaptation to and survival after freezing. Plant response to cold and freezing involves three distinct phases: cold acclimation, freezing, and post-freezing recovery. Considerable progress has been made toward understanding lipid changes during cold acclimation and freezing, but little is known about lipid alteration during pos...