The Asian monsoon consists of three subcomponents, Indian monsoon (IM), East Asian monsoon (EAM), and western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM). All these submonsoon systems exhibit remarkable intraseasonal and interannual variabilities. In this chapter, we will review recent progress in understanding the monsoon annual cycle and some of major issues related to the monsoon intraseasonal and interann...

The Asian summer monsoon affects more than sixty percent of the world's population; understanding its controlling factors is becoming increasingly important due to the expanding human influence on the environment and climate and the need to adapt to global climate change. Various mechanisms have been suggested; however, an overarching paradigm delineating the dominant factors for its generation...

[1] It is known that the empirical orthogonal function method is unable to detect possible nonlinear structure in climate data. Here, isometric feature mapping (Isomap), as a tool for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, is applied to 1958–2001 ERA-40 sea-level pressure anomalies to study nonlinearity of the Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal variability. Using the leading two Isomap time series...

The response of Asian monsoon precipitation to contrasting orbital parameters is simulated using the MRI-CGCM climate model. Results show that for the 125 kya B. P. experiment , a large continental heating due to obliquity forcing is apparent and accounts for the strengthened cross equatorial flow, stronger monsoon westerly over the Ara-5 bian Sea, and an enhanced precipitation over the Indian ...

Influences of the Earth’s astronomical forcing on the evolution of East Asian monsoon have been demonstrated with various geological records and climate models. Here, we present time series of climatic proxies from the Chinese Loess Plateau and Sanbao/Hulu caves and the winter/summer monsoon intensity index from a long-term transient climate model simulation. Both the observations and modelling...

The Asian monsoon system is an important tipping element in Earth’s climate with a large impact on human societies in the past and present. In light of the potentially severe impacts of present and future anthropogenic climate change on Asian hydrology, it is vital to understand the forcing mechanisms of past climatic regime shifts in the Asian monsoon domain. Here we use novel recurrence netwo...

The monsoon is a fundamental component of Earth's climate. The Pliocene warm period is characterized by long-term global cooling yet concurrent monsoon dynamics are poorly known. Here we present the first fully quantified and calibrated reconstructions of separate Pliocene air temperature and East Asian summer monsoon precipitation histories on the Chinese Loess Plateau through joint analysis o...

summer heat and drought conditions, especially in the southern half of iran's air sovereignty is recognized. in order to investigate the synoptic conditions - scanning the effect of unusual rain event for summer 12 to 6 september 2008 (22-16 september 1387) in the southern zagros range, environmental approach to sightseeing and daily statistics recording station 270 days of rain detected. ...