This paper studies the reputation and transparency of cooperative movement in Malaysia. Keywords—Cooperative movement, reputation, transparency, web presence.

The authors examined whether the nature of the opponent (computer, friend, or stranger) influences Spatial Presence, emotional responses, and threat and challenge appraisals when playing video games. In a within-subjects design, participants played two different video games against a computer, a friend, and a stranger. In addition to self-report ratings, cardiac interbeat intervals (IBIs) were ...

An increase of asynchronous online discussions in website provides much opportunity for L2 learners from different global communities to be exposed to the target language at their own pace and time. However, no research looking at the essentials of social presence and cognitive presence in creating a supportive learning environment in such a context has been done. This study investigated the pa...

This study of over 2000 US college students examines the Community of Inquiry framework (CoI) in its capacity to describe and explain differences in learning outcomes in hybrid and fully online learning environments. We hypothesize that the CoI model’s theoretical constructs of presence reflect educational effectiveness in a variety of environments, and that online learner self-regulation, a co...

Blended synchronous learning (BSL) is becoming increasingly widely implemented in many higher education institutions due to its accessibility and flexibility. However, little research has been conducted explore students’ engagement persistence their possible predictors such a mode. The purpose of this study was investigate how facilitate BSL. In detail, used structural equation modeling the rel...