The current COVID-19 pandemic has dominated the global headlines in past year. In this setting, it is perhaps easy to push other, equally challenging, health priorities into background. long-term impact of diverting limited resources battle against COVID-19, and neglecting other important related public such as climate change, immergence drug-resistant tuberculosis, persistence malaria, burden ...

kim’s overview of food and drug administration (fda) regulatory actions from 2005 to 2014 is a comprehensive analysis of the us regulatory experience with online direct-to-consumer advertising (dtca) of prescription medicines. this experience is of relevance internationally as online dtca reaches the english-speaking public globally, despite the illegality of dtca in most countries. the most co...

The determinants of realized, perceived, and potential access to prescription drugs among an elderly population were studied. Data were derived from telephone interviews of 3498 noninstitutionalized elderly persons living in west Texas. Access indicators examined were whether the respondents were taking prescription drugs, had perceived problems in obtaining prescription drugs, had comprehensiv...

This paper defines the average wholesale price (AWP), which has become an important benchmark for prescription drug pricing and reimbursement.The paper briefly explains the AWP's various uses in the pricing of prescription drugs, highlights some of the problems that have emerged as a result of the way it is reported and used, and explores some of the possibilities for reform. The paper also con...

We demonstrate a hybrid silicon ring laser with an internal amplifying S-bend that couples a fraction of the counter-clockwise circulating light into the the clockwise direction. The device supported single-mode, unidirectional laser oscillation at certain bias conditions. A spatial field distribution model is derived to describe the unidirectional operation. A unidirectional clockwise laser ou...