Available online 18 March 2008 This paper compares trading and non-trading mechanisms for price discovery during the Nasdaq pre-open and examines whether prices discovered though non-trading mechanisms are less efficient or reveal less information than prices discovered through trading. As Nasdaq pre-open trading volume increased, the opening price became more efficient and price discovery shif...

Some fundamental properties of maximal open sets are obtained, such as decomposition theorem for a maximal open set. Basic properties of intersections of maximal open sets are established, such as the law of radical closure. 1. Introduction. A proper nonempty open subset U of a topological space X is said to be a maximal open set if any open set which contains U is X or U. In [2], we study mini...

The concept of a pre-open set in a topological space was introduced by H. H. Corson and E. Michael in 1964 [3]. A subset A of a topological space (X, τ) is called pre-open or locally dense or nearly open if A ⊆ Int(Cl(A)). A set A is called pre-closed if its complement is preopen or equivalently if Cl(Int(A)) ⊆ A. The term, pre-open, was used for the first time by A. S. Mashhour, M. E. Abd El-M...

Recent structural breakthroughs with the voltage-gated sodium channel from Arcobacter butzleri suggest that such bacterial channels may provide a structural platform to advance the understanding of eukaryotic sodium channel gating and pharmacology. We therefore set out to determine whether compounds known to interact with eukaryotic Na(V)s could also inhibit the bacterial channel from Bacillus ...