Background Despite the prevalence and potential of K–12 engineering outreach programs, moment-to-moment dynamics educators' facilitation learning experiences are understudied. There is a need to identify teaching moves explore implications these moves. Purpose/Hypothesis We offer preliminary framework for characterizing in relation principles ambitious instruction. This study describes identifi...

A parametric formulation for preliminary design of tubed-system tall buildings is presented in which some optimality criteria and practical constraints are considered. Here, a minimum compliance optimization formulation, developed by other researchers, is applied to a framed-tube structure. The tube behavior is modeled as a cantilevered box beam. Independent variable in this problem is thicknes...

Our research aims to improve online discussion forums. The authors identify typical problems in online discussion that create difficulties for learners and describe a pedagogical approach emphasizing the importance of moderating in dealing with these problems. The usual design of discussion forums in learning management systems is not helpful but can be improved by specific add-ons. The authors...

The use of computer technology to simulate architectural designs is well established in the profession and education. However most software interfaces in this field are intricate and require substantial time input, while the hardware requirements to produce quality animations are continually expanding. This software / hardware ‘squeeze’ can have a detrimental impact in the educational context o...