objective: various practical methods have been used for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. methods of pregnancy diagnosis depending on visualization of the conceptus or determination of its secretory products in the maternal blood or in the milk are the most accurate and specific methods for pregnancy. in 1980, b-mode ultrasonography was introduced in the veterinary field and used for pregnancy diag...

background: recurrent abortion is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. we aimed to determine the relationship between male sperm parameters and hypo-osmotic swelling score and recurrent abortion. we also studied whether washing of spermatozoa and intrauterine insemination in patients with recurrent miscarriage and low score hypo-osmotic swelling test in male partners could imp...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the necessity of pregnancy test in women of reproductive age admitted to emergency department (ED) in routine practice. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who presented to the ED between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 and received a pregnancy test. RESULTS The median age of 1 586 patients enrolled into the study was 27...

abstract background: pregnancy can be in conflict with sexual function which can be affected by physical and psychological changes during pregnancy. therefore, comparison of the effect of face‑to‑face education with group education on sexual function during pregnancy in couples was the purpose of this research. materials and methods: in this quasi‑experimental pre‑test post‑test study, 64 pregn...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive capacity of immunoglobulin G ASA (direct MAR test) for spontaneous ongoing pregnancy in subfertile couples. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nine fertility centers in The Netherlands. PATIENT(S) Consecutive ovulatory subfertile couples. INTERVENTION(S) A basic fertility workup, including a mixed agglutination reaction test for IgG (MAR tes...

AIM To determine the frequency of hypothyroidism in women with recurrent pregnancy loss in first trimester in the Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study included 163 non-pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss in a gestational age up to <or=12 weeks verified by a pregnancy test or ultrasonography, and a total of 170 age matched women with at least one successful pregnancy and n...

abstract background: hypertension in pregnancy is one of the prevalent disorders resulting in maternal death. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching exercise and walking on changes of blood pressure in nulliparous women during pregnancy. materials and methods: this was a quasi-experimental trial that consisted three groups of women who took part in pre- and post-tests...

Current algorithms for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy do not take into account the heterogeneity in patient profiles. Such heterogeneity can lead to differences in the pre-test probability of ectopic pregnancy. In patients with clinical symptoms, for example, the probability of presence of an ectopic pregnancy is higher than in symptom-free patients. Any additional tests should then be inte...

Case reports are presented on 2 patients to show the importance of following up apparently false positive results of pregnancy tests. In case 1, a 25-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with severe breathlessness in September 1987. After she had stopped using oral contraceptives (OCs) in 1985 her periods were irregular and on 4 occasions the results of pregnancy tests bought over the ...