PURPOSE Various graft materials, such as synthetic and biological products, are used routinely in maxillofacial surgery. These materials are usually derived from porcine, bovine, and human tissues; some religious beliefs forbid the dietary use of substances from certain animal sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of religious belief on selecting different graft types used i...

At least since M ARX and F REUD , there has existed a conceptualization of religious belief as pathological. 1 According to this view, religious beliefs result from, and are indicative of, some kind of intellectual flaw or deficiency (P LANTINGA 2000). We might say that religious beliefs are here construed as reflecting doxastic dysfunction (from the Greek word “doxa”, meaning “opinion” or “bel...

in that belief to god is a contract and heart condition that took safety for the believer and on top of all minor beliefs has been human and is happinees; there is no say; but providing characteristics of belief and comprehensive definition for that for a discussion of the most basic issues of islamic theology and christian theology is need. among christian with existentialist  paul tillich wit...

Previous research suggests that religious orientation relates to people's choice of activities and behaviors. Religious orientation has not been examined in relation to sport and competitive orientation. This study examined the relationship of religious orientation, along with athletic experience, college and gender, to competitive orientation in sport. Surveys were completed by male and female...

for many religious people there is a problem of doubting various creedal statements contained in their religions. often propositional beliefs are looked upon as a necessary, though not sufficient, condition, for salvation. this causes great anxiety in doubters and raises the question of the importance of belief in religion and in life in general. it is a question that has been neglected in phil...

This article reports on research undertaken in 2011–2012 into the role of religion and belief in one British university. In this indicative qualitative case study, we observed six important features in relation to religion and belief: a clear divide in attitudes to the place of religion and belief between operations and curriculum; a lack of knowledge and understanding of the religious landscap...

In writing this paper I hope to lessen the polarization of religious discourse by making space for agnosticism between atheism and religious faith. I do this by critiquing two arguments against agnosticism, one offered by a ““new atheists,”” Richard Dawkins, and the other offered by a defender of faith, William James. The new atheists are notable not only for the strident rhetorical attacks on ...