Cognitivism about practical reason is the view that intentions involve beliefs, and that the rational requirements on intentions can be explained in terms of the rational requirements on the beliefs that figure in intentions. In particular, cognitivists about practical reason have sought to provide cognitive explanations of two basic requirements of practical rationality: a consistency requirem...

this volume is the first complete roadmap to integrative nursing, providing a step-by-step guide to assess and clinically treat conditions through a variety of combined methodologies including wellness, lifestyle enhancement, and nutrition. this text puts forth both the skills and theoretical frameworks for multidisciplinary leaders to consider and implement integrative healthcare strategies wi...

reason in mu`tazila`s of basreh is explained by interpretations like knowledge, prohibition, thought, opinion, way to achieve knowledge, and apprehension of religious duties. they were the first group of sunnis that benefited from speculative reason in cognition of religion; and argued for good and evil of deeds through practical reason, and rejected vile action of allah, they also argued for d...

This essay has two primary objectives. First, acknowledging the fact that the philosopher’s fundamental responsibility, due to the conditions of social order in many regions and nations around the world, requires not merely thought but also actions that transform this world into a more equitable and inclusive one, the author proposes to show the reader a simple way (among many other possibiliti...

in this article the author investigates al-ghazzali’s views on the volitional aspect of the soul. al-ghazzali divides the volitional aspect of the human into two levels, human and animal. his use of terms such as practical faculty, practical reason, power and will for human volition raises the important question of whether practical reason has cognitive character and whether it is a stimulus. s...