1 Introduction This paper focuses on economic policies and judges their success based on their impact on growth and poverty reduction. The Millennium Development Goal of halving extreme income poverty by 2015 expresses the consensus of the international development community that poverty reduction is of overriding importance. There is also consensus that national poverty reduction strategies, a...

The problems of developing country dependence on a narrow range of commodity exports are well-established. Many poorer developing countries have continued to generate a substantial proportion of their total export revenues from one or a small number of basic food commodities. In addition to the problem of declining world market prices for basic food products typically exported from developing c...

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The purpose of this essay is to show how credit markets influence development and to argue that the impact of improvements in credit markets is quantitatively significant. The essay first establishes the fact that access to credit is limited, emphasizing the magnitudes. It then goes on to the potential importance of financial sector development, again quantifying the impact. Toward the end of t...

The biggest development challenge facing Pakistan is how to meet the millennium development goal of bringing down the incidence of poverty from the current level of 33 percent to 18 percent by 2015. It may be recalled that by reaching this goal, we would have only regained the level we had attained in 1988-89. This experience shows that it is quite easy to relapse into higher incidence of pover...

Rights over land and other natural resources play a fundamental role in human society. The distribution of wealth and poverty is a reflection of underlying property rights. But reforming property rights to give poor women and men greater access to and greater control over resources is not an easy task. This chapter explains why property rights are important for poverty reduction, describes the ...

Poverty reduction is a function of economic growth, income distribution and distribution changes. Governance can impact both growth and income distribution. The dominant market-enhancing governance paradigm seeks to enhance the efficiency of markets through ‘good governance’ reforms, ostensibly to trigger or sustain growth. ‘Pro-poor’ good governance reforms purport to enhance the scale and eff...

China has made remarkable progress in its war against poverty since the launching of economic reform in the late 1970s. This paper examines some of the major driving forces of poverty reduction in China. Based on time series and cross-sectional provincial data, the determinants of rural poverty incidence are estimated. The results show that economic growth is an essential and necessary conditio...

this article seeks to identify and classify the micro factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policy in iran. the existence and spread of poverty in society, in spite of the existent policy programs is the sign of some weaknesses in the executive models of policy. policy making in the field of poverty reduction theoretically is classified into several categories different fact...