extended abstract 1. introduction the translation of literary works in iran has always been subject to social and political conditions, intellectual tendencies, and dominant ideologies of the related historical period. hence, in each period the translators were inclined to translate specific literary works according to the beliefs and viewpoint of a distinguished political and social group. thu...

comparative literature,when it is looked at by french school ,investigates,studies and compares historical roots of the folk(national) literature with other kinds of such literature.comparative literature research works have always been under each others influence since the beginning of literary activity up to second part of the twentieth century,that is when american literary school was ushere...

traditionalists of european literature in the sixteenth century ad, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. since then, persian and arabic ...

This writing highlights relatively the writings of late modernism in literature. It gives an overview development and writers responded to it. The second half 20th century created its own genre literary field. There is a study conceptualize historicize with greater precision. We can put our attentions 1930’s, 1940’s 1950’s. Each these sections serves double function. First, they offer close rea...

on the threshold of the twenty first century certain womenwriters appeared on the literary scene, whose ability to represent individualand social conditions was admired by critics. this essay looks at the writingsof three women who have attempted in an original way to depict the differentfacets of modern life in their works and have been received relatively well bycultural media and literary ci...