high through put sequencing of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) has revolutionized the fine scale analysis of the population structure in different species. various methods have been proposed and used for the study of population structure using whole-genome marker data that each has advantages and disadvantages with respect to their characteristics. super paramagnetic clustering (spc) whic...

A migration matrix model is used to investigate the behavior of neutral polygenic characters in subdivided populations. It is shown that gametic disequilibrium has a large effect on the variance among groups but none at all on its expectation. The variance of among-group variance is substantial and does not depend on the number of loci contributing to variance in the character. It is just as la...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational structure on job involvement of employees of sport and youth general offices through the mediating role of psychological empowerment. the population involved all employees of sport and youth general offices of kerman (n=50) and yazd (n=45) provinces. given the small statistical population, whole employees were selected as the...

We assembled genome-wide data from 16 prehistoric Africans. We show that the anciently divergent lineage that comprises the primary ancestry of the southern African San had a wider distribution in the past, contributing approximately two-thirds of the ancestry of Malawi hunter-gatherers ∼8,100-2,500 years ago and approximately one-third of the ancestry of Tanzanian hunter-gatherers ∼1,400 years...

We investigate the effect that population structure has upon the course of artificial evolution. We represent an arbitrary population structure by embedding a population of individuals in a graph. Each individual resides at a vertex of the graph and can only choose a mating partner from among its neighbors in the graph. Each individual mates with the selected partner and is replaced by the resu...

At present there are strong indications that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits an epidemic population structure; clinical isolates are indistinguishable from environmental isolates, and they do not exhibit a specific (disease) habitat selection. However, some important issues, such as the worldwide emergence of highly transmissible P. aeruginosa clones among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the ...

The metabolically versatile Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhabits terrestrial, aquatic, animal-, human-, and plant-host-associated environments and is an important causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive-care units. The population genetics of P. aeruginosa was investigated by an approach that is generally applicable to the rapid, robust, and informa...