The 0/1 Knapsack Problem is an optimization problem solved using various soft computing methods. The solution to the 0/1 Knapsack Problem (KP) can be viewed as the result of a sequence of decisions. Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) effectively solves knapsack problem for large data set. But it has problems like premature convergence and population diversity. Dual Population Genetic Algorithm (DPG...

! Abstract Molecular clocks have profoundly influenced modern views on the timing of important events in evolutionary history. We review recent advances in estimating divergence times from molecular data, emphasizing the continuum between processes at the phylogenetic and population genetic scales. On the phylogenetic scale, we address the complexities of DNA sequence evolution as they relate t...

 An analysis of eight microsatellite loci in 90 individuals was performed to define the genetic structure and variability of three estuarine populations of Coilia mystus: 30 individuals each  collected from ChangJiang River (Yangtze River) estuary-CJ, MinJiang River estuary-MJ, and ZhuJiang River (Pearl River) estuary-ZJ. The results showed polymorphic information contents (PIC) of 0.78, 0.77, a...

Introduction: Hearing impairment is a complex medical disorder whichhas genetic and non-genetic causes. Gap Junction Protein Beta 2 (GJB2) gene variant is a well-known disease-causing gene among patients with hearing impairment. The frequencies of genetic variants in the GJB2 gene are different in each population. This study aimed to discuss the GJB2 gene status in an Iranian population with he...

pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica is one of the most valuable forest tree species in iran that has been severely exploited for a long time. therefore, understanding the genetic diversity of different populations can be an important step towards the development and restoration of the habitat of this invaluable tree species. in this study, in order to study the genetic diversity, 10 populations in...

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Liza klunzingeri in two regions of the Persian Gulf. In this study, the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed to analyze population genetic diversity between two populations (Ziyarat & Hendijan). Seven primer combinations (E-AAG/M-CTA, E-ACT/ M-CAA, E-ACT/ M-CTA, E-AAG/M-CTG,...

Nuclear markers such as microsatellites have allowed the identification of conservation and management populations of the Hawksbill turtles. In present study, eight microsatellite loci were studied. 60 samples of hawksbill turtles. flipper from Shidvar and Hormuz Islands have been surgically removed and preserved in 20% DMSO buffer. DNA was extracted using DNP KIT and amplified by PCR methods. ...