blood samples (291857) from 24 provinces of iran were tested for abo and rh groups. the rh complexes as well as kell, duffy, kidd, lutheran, kp and xg blood groups were tested only on a part of the material from tehran. results show a great deal of heterogeneity for abo and rh groups in various provinces of iran. the calculated gene frequencies are compared with those of other investigations in...

A cohor t is a fixed population. Its membership is permanent (even after death)8, 14). Examples are as follows: people born in Kagoshima, and the alumni of Hirosaki University. A cohort study follows a fixed population. Unfixed populations are called dynamic populations (open populations). The membership of a dynamic cohort is not permanent. Examples are as follows: Hirosaki University students...

Human capital raises rural incomes, but this effect is swamped by higher returns to human capital in urban markets. This leads to “brain drain” from rural areas. Populations grow more rapidly in rural counties that have a diversified employment base. Farm population grows faster (or declines more slowly) in counties with relatively high farm income, and nonfarm populations grow faster in counti...

The sparsely populated northern Sweden has been the main target area for regional policy efforts since the 1960s. A rich variety of regional policy measures have been launched over the years. However, despite this and a heavy expansion of welfare undertakings a significant depopulation has taken place. Also the first generation of EU Structural Funds show very weak structural impacts on develop...

Concerns about population growth historically revolved around the notion that there may be insufficient arable land, minerals or energy to meet the needs of an exponentially increasing population. Today they are compounded by fears that as wealth increases, so would consumption of natural resources, and that new technologies would enable further exploitation of these resources. Absent empirical...

The estimation of population parameters from genetic data can help reveal past migration patterns or past population sizes. The transformation from raw genetic data to population parameters needs a model, which should reflect the true relationships between subpopulations. Often the models are overly simplified and do not allow, for example, for differences in population sizes and differences in...

With the growing threat of pandemic influenza, efforts to improve national surveillance to better predict and prevent this disease from affecting the most vulnerable populations are being undertaken. This paper examines the utility of Medicare data to obtain age-specific influenza hospitalization rates for historical analyses. We present a novel approach to describing and analyzing age-specific...

It is conventional wisdom that Russia’s Muslim population is increasing dramatically relative to Russia’s Slavic population, and that along a variety of demographic indicators its Muslim national groups are thriving in comparison to the demographic crisis being experienced by their Slavic compatriots. Reported ethnicity data from the 2002 Russian census, released in early 2005, permit a more ri...

We consider the finite generation-time effect in virus evolution models, introducing differential equations with delay. The suggested approach more adequately describes the evolution in case of growing populations than the popular models of population genetics, especially for the viruses with large number of offspring during one life cycle. Now the mean fitness, as a coefficient for exponential...

We develop extensions of the Polya posterior that can be used to estimate population quantiles in stratified populations. In the simple case with no auxiliary information, estimates based on this extension to the Polya posterior perform similarly to the standard frequentist estimates. The Polya posterior can be extended to incorporate a variety of prior knowledge about an auxiliary characterist...